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Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Relevant authorities should undertake additional measures to promote women’s political participation. Political parties should identify and address barriers to women’s active engagement, including through the adoption of internal measures aimed at improving women’s effective representation within party structures.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Women
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Background and Political Context
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance legal clarity and address existing gaps and inconsistencies in the legislation, consideration could be given to adopting a unified electoral code applicable to all types of elections, developed through an inclusive process in consultation with all relevant stakeholders. The legislation should clearly distinguish electoral procedures from general administrative processes and introduce election-specific provisions, including transparency safeguards, and expedited timelines.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Legal Framework
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure legal certainty and coherence, any amendments to election-related legislation introduced through Government Emergency Ordinances (GEOs) or resulting from Constitutional Court rulings should subsequently be formalized through the regular legislative process in parliament, following public consultation, in line with OSCE commitments. The use of GEOs should be limited to exceptional circumstances where timely parliamentary procedure is not feasible.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Legal Framework
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance transparency and confidence in the electoral process, sessions of the election administration bodies should be open to observers and the media. All relevant documents related to the electoral process, including minutes of sessions, should be published in a timely and consistent manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance legal certainty and protect the right to stand for election, consideration should be given to ensuring that candidate eligibility is assessed on the basis of clear and objective criteria established by law, rather than on requirements set by Constitutional Court rulings.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Relevant institutions should review applicable national and European regulations to ensure that social networking platforms implement effective measures to prevent co-ordinated inauthentic behaviour and disinformation, while fully safeguarding space for authentic political discourse online. Considerations should also be given to align reporting requirements with transparency needs during elections.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To promote consistent application of campaign rules, the legislation should define the scope of permissible campaign activities by political parties, including those supporting candidates they have not nominated. Overly restrictive or ambiguous provisions on campaigning and campaign tools should be reconsidered to ensure meaningful political participation.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The law should ensure full transparency of political parties’ media expenditures enabling the public to identify the final beneficiary. Where political parties use intermediary companies to disburse funds, contracts between these companies and media outlets must be subject to transparency requirements.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To guarantee effective remedy and due process, the electoral dispute resolution framework, in particular for complaints related to online content, should be reviewed to allow adequate time for the preparation and adjudication of complaints while ensuring a duly expedited procedure, in line with international good practice.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance the efficiency and transparency of the election administration, consideration could be given to streamlining the parallel structures of the Permanent Electoral Authority (PEA) and election bureaus. This may include exploring the establishment of a unified, permanent and professional electoral management body, responsible for overseeing all aspects of the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Given that political appointments to election bureaus is foreseen, all electoral contestants should have an opportunity for representation in the election administration. The rules prioritizing parliamentary parties in the nomination of electoral bureau members, regardless of whether they have nominated a candidate, should be reconsidered.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure equal access to voting, the authorities should identify and address administrative or structural barriers that may hinder socially disadvantaged groups from obtaining identity documents.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Postal voting procedures should enable voters to return their ballots for the second round with full knowledge of second-round candidates, within timelines ensuring that their votes are received and counted.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
If the collection of support signatures is retained as a prerequisite for candidate registration, the law should clearly regulate the collection and verification processes to ensure consistency by the election administration and prevent misuse by contestants. Consideration should also be given to reducing the number of required signatures in line with international good practice.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The legal framework should include clear provisions governing second-round presidential election campaigns, including the interim period between the first-round election day and the start of the official second-round campaign, or alternatively make the whole period subject to campaign regulations. These provisions should regulate permitted campaign activities, media coverage, related expenditures, and the scope and mechanisms of oversight.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
State authorities should ensure a more co-ordinated oversight of the online campaign, including through a clear delineation of institutional responsibilities and development of guidelines on permitted and prohibited activities for contestants and the public. To support these efforts, authorities should consider establishing a permanent co-ordinating body to monitor online campaigning and counter disinformation.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure legal certainty and protect the right to participate in public affairs, the law should clearly distinguish the activities of political actors from the individual expression of political opinion. Should the Central Election Bureau continue to adjudicate complaints related to online campaigning, its capacity should be reinforced, and related procedural safeguards improved.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance transparency and accountability of campaign spending, the legal and regulatory framework should be reviewed to ensure that it covers a broader period, such as the time following the official announcement of the election date or the start of signature collection, or when contestants submit their registration documents, as well as the interval between election rounds.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to lowering the ceilings on both campaign contributions and expenditures to prevent excessive spending and ensure a level playing field among contestants.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To strengthen campaign finance oversight, the law should explicitly define the Permanent Electoral Authority’s audit powers, and the institution should receive adequate staffing and resources to fulfil its mandate in these regards. Authorities could also consider introducing digital tools, such as an electronic reporting platform and automated verification software.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To strengthen transparency and accountability of campaign finance, consideration could be given to requiring contestants to submit detailed itemized financial disclosure reports with supporting documentation throughout the campaign period. Legislation should explicitly mandate regular and public release of these reports. Sanctions imposed on contestants and individuals should be made public.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The National Audiovisual Council should be legally required to conduct systematic and quantitative monitoring of the campaign coverage in broadcast media, and be provided with the necessary human and material resources to do so effectively. Sanctions for broadcaster non-compliance with airtime obligations should be dissuasive, proportionate to the gravity of the offence, and imposed in a timely manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To safeguard editorial integrity, the law should limit the amount of political advertising time that any party or candidate may purchase, require that such content is clearly marked, and establish safeguards to prevent conflicts of interest related to journalists’ participation in paid political advertising.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Consideration could be given to enhancing voter education campaigns to address the specific needs of ethnic and linguistic minority communities. In line with international good practice, election-related information and materials should be made available in the minority languages in localities where such languages are used in official communication with local authorities.
Recommendation # in final report:
24
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of National Minorities
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
National Minorities
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To increase transparency, the adjudication of election disputes before electoral authorities and courts should be open to the public and observers, and the published decisions should include sufficient reasoning and a summary of deliberations. The Permanent Electoral Authority should establish and maintain a centralized database of complaints and appeals submitted at all levels of the election administration.
Recommendation # in final report:
25
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
As previously recommended, the rights and responsibilities of observers should be clearly defined in the law. Observers should be granted unimpeded access to all stages of the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
26
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Observation
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To facilitate the independent participation of persons with various types of disabilities on election day, authorities should ensure that the premises and layout of polling stations are fully accessible and that assistive tools are available to facilitate autonomous voting.
Recommendation # in final report:
27
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election day
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to develop specific procedures for verifying support signatures which should be made public sufficiently ahead of the signature collection process. Consideration could also be given to extending the period for verifying nomination documents.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Political parties and independent candidates should have equal opportunity for representation on election bodies. Preferential rules that put parliamentary parties at an advantage should be reconsidered.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to increase transparency, sessions of the election administration bodies should be open to the public. Decisions and minutes of their sessions should be published in a timely and consistent manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to revising and simplifying the current arrangements of the postal voting in order to reduce the number of invalidated votes due to procedural errors and to avoid de facto disenfranchisements of voters due to delivery problems.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Day
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure equitable conditions for all contestants, consideration could be given for authorities to introducing additional legal and procedural safeguards to prevent public officials, including the president, from using the advantage of their office for campaigning purposes.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Environment
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
The extended deadline for homebound voting should be maintained for future elections and regulated through the law.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To provide to citizens with clear information about their eligibility to vote, the legislation should determine a specific deadline by which voter lists are finalised for upcoming elections.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To achieve higher stability and predictability of electoral administration, internal decision-making rules of election bureaus could be established on a permanent basis for each election.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance the autonomy and independence of the regulatory body, the provisions that allow the parliament to dismiss the National Audio-visual Council (CNA) president by rejecting the CNA annual report should be amended and clearer professional criteria for selection of the CNA members could be considered.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
In line with international obligations, restrictions on the suffrage rights should be removed.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure effective campaign finance oversight, the legislation would benefit from further improvement to address the identified gaps. The mandate of the Permanent Electoral Authority can be enhanced to effectively identify and address campaign finance violations.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance financial independence of the public broadcaster and limit dependence on the state budget as the primary source of funding, a more sustainable and efficient funding mechanism could be considered.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
The electoral legal framework should be reviewed to bring it further in line with OSCE commitments, international standards and good practices, well in advance of the next elections and within an inclusive consultation process. To prevent uncertainty generated by the concurrent election rules, consideration should be given to harmonize the provisions and deadlines in the election legislation.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Legal Framework
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
Legislation could be amended to foster a level playing field among national minority organizations both in and outside the Council on National Minorities to compete for preferential seats.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of National Minorities
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Participation of National Minorities
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
Additional incentives could be considered for providing more favourable conditions for candidates of both genders to stand for elections. Political parties could consider ways to further increase gender balance and place women in electable positions on the candidate lists.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
Legislation should be amended to remove undue restrictions during the campaign period to sufficiently ensure freedom of contestants to campaign.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Environment
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
The principle of equality of the vote should be upheld, in accordance with the Constitution, OSCE commitments, other international obligations and standards and good international practice. A re-calculation of the allocation of seats before every election, as established by the law, should be consistently implemented.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election System and Legal Framework
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To achieve higher stability of the legislation the standard operating procedures for the functioning of the election bureaus could be established on a permanent basis.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election System and Legal Framework
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
Consideration should be given to increase the transparency of the dispute-resolution process by providing public access to the Central Election Bureau sessions.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Complaints and Appeals
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To increase transparency, sessions of the election bureaus should be open to the public, media and election observers.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To further enhance transparency and accountability, the PEA could publish detailed campaign finance reports submitted by election contestants, as well as the results and conclusions of its investigations in a timely manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure full implementation of legal requirements, consideration should be given to developing specific procedures for verifying supporting signatures of candidate lists.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance transparency, legislation should include explicit provisions on the right of observers to access all stages of the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Citizen and International Observers
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance stability of the election administration, the tenure of the members could be better protected against arbitrary replacement during a reasonable time prior to election day.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
The National Audio-visual Council could consider enhancing its media monitoring methodology and allocate additional resources to include a quantitative media monitoring
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance public confidence in the election process, any introduction of new technologies should be done well in advance of the elections and provide sufficient time for audit and certification of the technology.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to enhance the accountability of political parties and the overall transparency of the election process, consideration could be given to require periodic reporting on campaign expenditure during the campaign and before election day.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to introducing provisions into the Political Finance Law that would add a clear definition of what constitutes a third party and the relative registration mechanism.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to ensure protection of secrecy of the vote, authorities should adopt appropriate measures to ensure that voter’s choice on the ballot cannot be revealed.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Day
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to introduce the possibility of a judicial review of CEB decisions by a court of law with adjudication timeframe within the electoral period.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Complaints and Appeals
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Competence to issue administrative acts related to the election process could be vested with one single election administration institution instead of being divided between the election authorities. Alternatively, the legislation could differentiate the respective areas of competence between the PEA and CEB in issuing administrative acts. All administrative acts published in the gazette could be consolidated for ease of reference in future elections.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Legal Framework and Electoral System
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to enhance stability of the election administration, deadlines for the replacements of election bureau members should be extended.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In line with international obligations, restrictions on the suffrage rights of persons with mental disabilities should be removed. Authorities should introduce provisions to ensure that the deprivation of the right to vote for people with a judicial sentence are based on clear criteria respecting proportionality.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to revise the sanctions for campaign finance violations in order to render them effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
The CNA media monitoring oversight mandate could expand to include a quantitative component, as the reporting requirements for broadcasters imposed an excessive burden on the media and in practice appeared ineffective.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to enhance the autonomy and independence of the regulatory body, consideration could be given to revise legislation to ensure CNA members are selected on the basis of objective criteria and proven expertise in the field of media. Furthermore, legal provisions that allow parliament to dismiss the CNA president by rejecting the annual report should be amended, as early dismissals should only occur in extreme circumstances.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to foster independence of the public broadcaster, a funding mechanism through license fees could be considered as it is less susceptible to direct or indirect government interference over the public service broadcaster compared to relying on the state budget as the primary source of funding.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Authorities should consider amending legislation to limit party campaigning prior to the official campaign period and reduce campaign restrictions during the official campaign period.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
The required number of signatures to support a candidature should be reconsidered to meet good practice.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
As previously recommended, consideration should be given to enacting an election code applicable to all types of elections through an inclusive process following consultations with relevant stakeholders in order to eliminate inconsistencies generated by the concurrent application of several pieces of legislation.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Legal Framework and Electoral System
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
To enhance the professional capacity of polling personnel, the Electoral Expert Centre should be instituted. Consideration should be given to including the politically nominated BESV members into official training sessions.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to enhance transparency, rights and obligations of observers should be defined in the election legislation, ensuring full access of domestic and international observers to observe all stages of the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Citizen and International Election Observation
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
As previously recommended, consideration could be given to extending the period for submitting applications for mobile voting.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
Authorities should further detail individual responsibilities of each institution involved in management of the permanent electoral register and establish clear deadlines for data management and exchange.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
To prevent undue limitations on the editorial freedom of the media in news and informative programmes, consideration should be given to amending the provision of Article 40.2 of the PEL that requires private broadcasters to provide candidates with airtime proportional to what is allotted by the public broadcasters.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
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