ODIHR electoral recommendations database

To instil confidence in the integrity of the electoral process, the competent authorities should promptly and thoroughly investigate credible allegations of vote-buying and illegal inducements of voters and apply appropriate sanctions.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Campaign

To promote a level campaign playing field, mechanisms to enforce separation of official functions and party activity of public dignitaries should be enforced and the misuse of public office, should be dealt with by the relevant authorities effectively and expeditiously.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Campaign

Contestants and high-ranking officials should refrain from using their public office and government-funded projects to gain an unfair electoral advantage during the campaign period. The CEC should apply timely and proportionate sanctions for campaign violations equally to all participants in the election process, despite the status of incumbency or any other considerations.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

In order to ensure equal campaigning conditions for all candidates, the law should be amended to provide sufficient time to conclude candidate registration before the start of the campaign, including the relevant dispute resolution process.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

In order to foster a level playing field and uphold genuine voter choice, the authorities should consider limiting corrections to the state budget to award social benefits after the elections are called.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

Political parties should be incentivized to identify and overcome barriers for women candidates, including as participants in the electoral campaign.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

Provisions on preventing the misuse of administrative resources, including on enforcing the separation of official functions and party or campaign activity of public dignitaries, ensuring neutrality of the civil service and safeguarding public-sector employees from any undue influence, should be more clearly provided in the law and properly enforced.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Environment

State authorities, civil society, political parties, and media could further enhance their proactive initiatives to address illicit activities that influence voters’ behaviour, such as implementing long-term and systematic civic education efforts and strengthening capacity, co-ordination, and co-operation among those responsible for combatting vote-buying and illicit campaign finance.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Environment

In order to ensure equal campaign conditions for all candidates, the legal framework should be amended to ensure candidate registration is concluded before the start of the campaign, including the relevant dispute resolution process, and that candidates are able to meet campaign finance requirements prior to the start of the campaign.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Environment

Competent authorities should develop and implement effective mechanisms for monitoring online campaigning, including systematic engagement with social media platforms to counter all forms of manipulative content that can undermine public confidence in the electoral process, co-ordinated inauthentic behaviour, and inflammatory and discriminatory rhetoric.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Environment

To respond effectively to large-scale instances of electoral corruption and illicit activities that influence voters’ behaviour, the authorities should further support close co-ordination between the Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, the National Anti-Corruption Centre and General Inspectorate of Police, and enhance their institutional capacity.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

Additional legal safeguards should be considered and properly enforced to prevent contestants from misusing administrative resources, budgetary funds, official positions, and state-funded information messages for their own advantage during the electoral period. To prevent cases of abuse of office, consideration could be given to requiring the suspension of official duties for certain public officials upon registration as a candidate.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

Competent state agencies and ministries should ensure greater transparency and co-ordination in their efforts to counter disinformation and other forms of manipulative content. This could include public reporting of the ‘take down requests’ sent to the platforms and their outcome, as well as access to official and timely information to assist voters to independently assess potential disinformation.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

Authorities should call on political parties and candidates to agree on a code of conduct establishing guidelines for online campaigning prior to the next elections. Based on international good practice and community standards of the main platforms, the code could clarify which campaign methods and network attributes are considered inauthentic.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Electoral Campaign

As previously recommended, the campaign period should begin on the same day for all electoral contestants to ensure a level playing field during the election campaign.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Campaign

Consideration should be given to reducing the flexibility in adjusting party lists close to election day with a view to eliminating the possibilities for circumvention of provisions, thus preventing misuse of public office, providing voters with consistent candidate information and enabling them to make an informed choice.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2019

Final report heading: Campaign

To ensure a level playing field, consideration could be given to amending the law to ensure that candidate registration decisions are taken prior to the start of the campaign period, which should start on the same day for all contestants. The terms of resuming the campaign for a possible second round could be clearly stipulated to avoid uncertainty and inconsistent application of the law.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Campaign

The ban on the use of state and foreign symbols and involvement of foreign citizens in the campaign should be reconsidered as they are disproportionate restrictions of the right to freedom of expression.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Campaign

The authorities, upon consultation, should consider the introduction of an effective mechanism against instances of intolerant rhetoric, such as sexist and homophobic language and gender stereotyping, including in the campaign period. The general Code of Ethics and the internal codes of broadcasters could include provisions on avoiding discriminatory, sexist and homophobic language.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Campaign

Consideration could be given to introducing an effective enforcement mechanism to existing regulations on preventing the misuse of administrative resources to promote a level playing field among contestants and ensure the separation of state and party interests.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Campaign

To promote a level playing field among contestants and ensure the separation of state and party, consideration should be given to clarifying provisions related to misuse of administrative resources and vote buying and introducing an effective enforcement mechanism to prevent these violations.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Campaign

To ensure clear separation between the state and party, consideration could be given to amending legislation to limit the initiation and subsequent implementation of major social assistance and infrastructure projects during the electoral period.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Campaign and Campaign Finance

Consideration should be given to amending the Election Code so that the official campaign period begins on the same day for all contestants to ensure equal campaign opportunities. The start of the run-off campaign period could also be clarified to contestants in the future to avoid misunderstandings.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Campaign

Consideration could be given to providing contestants with sufficient places in number and size to post campaign materials.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Campaign

To avoid potential misuse of office by incumbent candidates, the Election Code could be amended with provisions stipulating terms of suspension for the entire electoral period.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Campaign

Provisions on preventing the misuse of administrative resources, including on ensuring neutrality of the civil service, participation of officials in campaigns, and safeguarding public-sector employees from any undue influence, should be clearly provided in the law and properly enforced.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Campaign

The authorities should introduce an effective mechanism to monitor and react to incitements of hatred and discrimination during the campaign.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign

Secondary thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Campaign

To enhance transparency and accountability of campaign finance, the oversight body should be equipped with adequate authority, resources, and technical expertise to exercise its functions effectively. To deter violations, proportionate sanctions should be applied for established breaches of regulations.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

The legal framework for campaign finance should provide the oversight body the capacity to investigate sources of donations and potential discrepancies between actual and reported spending. Consideration should be given to introducing the legal requirement that donors declare that donations are in compliance with the law, subject to an established penalty. As previously recommended, the legislation should address third-party financing.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

Consideration should be given to reviewing criteria for the de-registration of candidates to allow for graduated and proportional sanctions. De-registration should take place only in case of grave violations and as a last resort.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

As previously recommended, consideration should be given to reducing the number of interim financial reports before election day and extending the deadline for the submission of final reports.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To enhance the effectiveness of campaign finance oversight, the election authorities at the central and regional levels should introduce mechanisms to check the veracity of the reported expenditures.

Recommendation # in final report: 24

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To ensure comprehensive and efficient campaign finance oversight, the Central Election Commission’s capacity could be strengthened, including for field monitoring and monitoring online campaigning.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To ensure instances of illicit financing are promptly and effectively addressed, the authorities should conduct a review of the relevant legislation and procedures to ensure any gaps that inhibited the handling of cases from the 2024 election and referendum are addressed and the legal framework is enhanced to fully address the sources and means of illicit financing.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

Consideration could be given to harmonizing and further developing the campaign finance framework to ensure its clarity and predictability, particularly in the regulation of financial controls and audits.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

As previously recommended, the legal framework for campaign finance should be further strengthened to regulate in more detail the involvement of third parties and the valuation of in-kind contributions.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To ensure comprehensive and efficient campaign finance oversight, consideration could be given to further strengthening the oversight capacity of the CEC, including by providing the resources necessary to take ownership of the support provided by international partners.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

Consideration could be given to designating an independent body with means and resources to oversee campaign finance and to impose sanctions in cases of violations. Should this body remain to be the CEC, it should be vested with full oversight authority and responsibilities and should exercise them more determinedly. The reporting obligations should be made more detailed. Verification, oversight and enforcement mechanisms should be strengthened in line with previous OSCE/ODIHR and GRECO recommendations.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

Authorities are encouraged to resume the consideration of pending amendments to campaign finance provisions with a view to completing the legislative reforms and improving the regulatory framework for campaign finance.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

The criteria for establishing campaign spending limits need to be clearly defined. To account for inflation, limits could be based on a form of indexation rather than absolute amounts.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To further enhance transparency, consideration could be given to introduce appropriate oversight mechanisms, which would allow the overseeing institution full and unimpeded access to all information regarding contestants’ campaign-related resources.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To enhance the transparency and oversight of campaign finances, previous OSCE/ODIHR, Venice Commission and GRECO recommendations should be addressed. A body with adequate capacity, technical expertise and independence to exercise its functions effectively should be empowered for such oversight. Should the CEC remain the competent oversight body, it should be given sufficient authority and resources to conduct effective campaign finance oversight. The law could prescribe graduated and proportionate sanctions for campaign finance violations.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

The campaign finance legal framework would benefit from further improvement to address identified gaps in its regulation and to further enhance transparency and accountability. Consideration could be given to consolidating all campaign finance legislation in a single law. To further enhance transparency and accountability, it is recommended that the oversight body be required to publish results and conclusions of its audit in a timely manner. Consideration could be given to introducing shorter reporting deadlines to allow for a more effective audit.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

As previously recommended, should the CEC remain the competent oversight body, it should be given sufficient authority, human and technical resources to conduct effective campaign finance oversight.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To ensure that independent candidates are awarded equitable treatment in the allocation of state resources they could be entitled for public funding.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Campaign and Campaign Finance

In line with previous recommendations, to enhance the transparency and oversight of campaign finance, previously identified gaps and shortcomings in legislation, including those concerning regulating third-party activities and the ban on donations from out-of-country income, should be addressed.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Campaign and Campaign Finance

The law and practice could be reviewed to prescribe gradual, timely and proportionate sanctions for campaign finance violations aimed at increasing transparency of campaign finance and improving accountability.

Recommendation # in final report: 24

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Campaign and Campaign Finance

The oversight of campaign finance could be further enhanced. Should the CEC remain the competent oversight body, its resources should be increased. CEC timely access to relevant information and cooperation with other authorities should be clearly regulated.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

The ban on donations on out-of-country income could be reviewed.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To facilitate CEC oversight, the law could prescribe the same date for all candidates to submit financial reports. Final reports could be submitted after election day in order to include all income and expenditures incurred up to and including election day.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

The legal framework for campaign financing should be further strengthened and regulate candidates’ own contributions and the limits of donations from political parties, valuation of in-kind contributions and the involvement of third-parties in the election campaigns. To protect political pluralism, consideration could also be given to simplify the regulations related to eligibility for donations by individuals.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

The framework for campaign finance oversight should be revised to provide for an effective mechanism of monitoring incomes and expenditures and verifying the completeness and accuracy of reporting. The CEC should be equipped with adequate resources and capacities including rules and procedures for meaningful oversight.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

To enhance transparency and the effectiveness of disclosure, final reports should be detailed and accompanied by the supporting financial documents. Consideration could be given to allowing more time for the submission of a complete final report.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Campaign Finance

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Campaign Finance

Consideration should be given to amending the law to allow voters to sign in support of more than one candidate.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration should be given to reviewing the legal provisions on party names, acronyms, and registered symbols to ensure that the framework clearly and uniformly protects against the misuse of similar names and symbols to confuse voters.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

In line with international standards, the education requirement for the right to stand for mayor should be reconsidered.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

In line with international obligations and standards, decisions concerning the de-registration of candidates should be based on the principles of legality, legitimacy and proportionality. To avoid irreparable harm to the right to stand, the law and institutions should guarantee timely and effective legal remedy.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration could be given to amending the gender quota rules so that the quota is reflected more effectively in the winnable positions on the ballot.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

The higher education requirement for the right to stand for president should be abolished, and the length of the residency requirement should be reconsidered, in line with international standards. The procedure for testing language proficiency should be regulated.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration could be given to amending the legal framework to establish clear criteria for determining independent candidate status.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

To safeguard the contestants’ right to an effective remedy, legal provisions should be revised to ensure that sanctions with an irreversible effect on the exercise of political rights, including the right to be elected, are applied only when time allows for effective legal remedies or that their enforcement is suspended until the opportunity for appeal is exhausted. To prevent arbitrary de-registration of candidates, such decisions should be based on sound, relevant and sufficient evidence.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

To ensure equality of opportunities, the law and its implementation should ensure that candidates are always provided with an opportunity to address shortcomings in their applications, in line with international good practice. Unduly burdensome requirements such as in-person candidate registration should be reconsidered.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Support signatures and registration requirements for independent candidates could be reviewed with a view to ensuring that such candidates have realistic opportunities of competing on a par with other contestants.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: 0

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2019

Final report heading: Legal Framework

In line with international obligations and practices aimed at promoting gender equality, greater efforts to include women on candidate lists, including in winnable positions, should be made by political parties.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2019

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

A clear and detailed procedure for the collection, verification and validation of support signatures should be provided by law, ensuring consistency and legal certainty of the process. The prohibition for voters to sign in support of more than one candidate should be removed.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Undue restrictions on the right to be elected should be removed from the legal framework. Consideration should be given to lifting the residency requirement and the language requirement should be clarified through detailed and objective provisions.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Rules on candidate registration, including procedures for verifying supporting signatures, should be clarified to ensure transparency, consistency and legal certainty at all stages. Timelines should allow sufficient time to effectively and consistently carry out signature verification and decisions related to candidate registration should be taken sufficiently in advance of the campaign to provide equal opportunity to stand for all prospective contestants.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration could be given to revising the role of the local administration in the signature verification process. Authorities could also consider alternative methods for candidate nomination.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Procedures for the withdrawal of registered candidates after ballot printing should be clearly and exhaustively stipulated in the law. To avoid amending ballots manually, the deadline could be synchronized with ballot printing.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

The legal provision that requires a minimum 40 per cent representation share for both sexes in the national constituency lists should be further clarified to ensure the balance of both genders in winnable positions on the lists.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

In order to ensure consistency, transparency and legal certainty of the candidate registration process, clear and simplified procedures for the collection and verification of supporting signatures should be set out.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

The law should be amended to allow voters to sign in support of more than one candidate.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

In order to provide a level playing field for all contestants, the registration process, including consideration of any complaints and appeals, should conclude before the start of the campaign.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

To further improve confidence in election process, the position of candidates and parties on the ballots should be determined by lottery at the conclusion of the registration process.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration could be given to introducing temporary special legislative measures to promote women candidates. Political parties could consider ways to further increase gender balance on their electoral lists.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration should be given to reviewing support signature requirements, including lowering the number required, allowing voters to support multiple candidates and revising the collection timeframes to ensure equal opportunities for all candidates.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration could be given to reconsider the adjustment of party lists so close to election day.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Campaign

The residency and language proficiency requirements for presidential candidates should be reconsidered in line with international standards and good practice.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

Consideration could be given to amending the law to allow voters to sign in support of more than one candidate.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

In order to ensure consistency, transparency and legal certainty of the candidate registration, all signature verification procedures should be adequately regulated.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

To enhance the transparency of the election administration, the publication of all DEC decisions should be required.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Administration

To provide sufficient safeguards for the CEC’s institutional impartiality and political neutrality, consideration could be given to reviewing the mechanism of nomination and appointment of the CEC.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Administration

In order to enhance the possibilities for qualified persons to serve as members of lower-level election bodies, additional recruitment measures could be considered, including higher compensation for election day work, incentives for certification and re-certification to be included in the roster of election officials.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Administration

To enhance the transparency of the election administration, the timely online publication of all District Election Commissions’ decisions, including on complaints, should be required by law.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Administration

The Central Election Commission should be provided with the necessary resources to ensure its proper functioning, including outside of election periods.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Administration

Consideration could be given to reviewing arrangements for voters residing in Transnistria, including the criteria for determining the number of polling stations and the distribution of ballots, as well as the location of voting premises, with a view to ensuring that security considerations are addressed while enabling these voters to effectively exercise their suffrage.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Election Administration

The authorities could continue to build resistance into its cybersecurity strategies by hardening its infrastructure, allocating adequate human resources and training, and providing the public with sufficient information on cybersecurity efforts and responses; in this, transparent, well-rehearsed response processes, are essential.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Election Administration

As a permanent body responsible for the overall conduct of elections, the CEC could anticipate and address more effectively the ambiguities or gaps in the law, as early as possible in the electoral process.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Administration

As previously recommended, decisions on the locations for polling stations abroad should be taken transparently and based on clear and consistent criteria, which may include the number of citizens eligible to vote in a given country and/or location.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Administration

The CEC could consider undertaking an audit of its training programme with a view to identifying ways of further improving training on counting procedures and the completion of result protocols.

Recommendation # in final report: 32

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Day

As previously recommended, decisions on locations for polling stations abroad should be taken transparently and based on clear and consistent criteria. Such decisions should be taken in broad consultation with relevant stakeholders well in advance of an election. Consideration could also be given to establishing additional polling stations at the same location, where feasible, and/or providing legal authorization to increase the number of ballots to polling stations abroad.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Administration

To ensure a coherent electoral legal framework and contribute to its consistent application, the CEC could promptly address any emerging ambiguities and gaps in the law using regulations and instructions.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Administration

Serious consideration should be given to revising the timeframe of appointing DEC members to better ensure professionalism and stability in their work. This should enable training to be more effective and the institutional capacity to become more developed.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Administration

To increase the transparency of the district-level election administration, consideration could be given to requiring the publication of all DEC decisions.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Administration

As previously recommended, decisions on the number and locations for polling stations abroad should be taken transparently and based on clear and consistent criteria. Such decisions should be taken in a broad consultation with relevant stakeholders well in advance of an election.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Administration

To improve professionalism and effectiveness of DECs and to allow for more extensive training consideration could be given to revising the timeframe of their appointment.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Administration

The CEC should anticipate and address potential problems and communicate decisions in a timely manner, to ensure that stakeholders are sufficiently informed of all procedures.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Administration

Secondary thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Administration

In order to increase transparency and access to information of public interest, election administration bodies of all levels should publish decisions and minutes of sessions in a timely and consistent manner.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Administration

To ensure professionalism of the election administration, consideration could be given to providing all members of lower-level electoral bodies with standardised training.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Administration

Any use of video cameras in the polling stations should ensure that the privacy and personal data of voters are protected.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To further enhance transparency, the election results should be promptly published on the website of the Central Election Commission, disaggregated by polling station, and available in an accessible format.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

The Polling Election Boards should be instructed to check and adjust the layout and positioning of the polling booths and video cameras in order to protect the secrecy of the vote. The importance of ballot secrecy could be emphasized during the training of election commissions and in voter education programmes and materials.

Recommendation # in final report: 28

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To further promote universal suffrage and to ensure equal participation of persons with disabilities, further efforts are needed from the authorities to facilitate unimpeded access to polling stations for voters with reduced mobility.

Recommendation # in final report: 29

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

The Central Election Commission (CEC) could enhance the effectiveness of the Polling Election Boards training by placing particular emphasis on procedures for closing, counting and completion of results protocols. In addition, the CEC could consider developing further tools for the completion of the results protocol and performing reconciliation checks to avoid technical errors.

Recommendation # in final report: 30

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure an efficient and transparent tabulation process, further efforts are needed to allocate adequate premises for the District Election Commissions at both levels.

Recommendation # in final report: 31

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure the equal participation of persons with disabilities, further efforts are needed from the authorities to facilitate independent access to polling stations for voters with reduced mobility.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure the secrecy of the vote, further efforts should be made to allocate adequate premises for polling stations which would allow for better positioning of voting booths. Any use of video cameras in polling stations should ensure that the secrecy of the vote is protected.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure efficient, accurate and transparent counting and tabulation processes, further efforts are needed to increase the capacity of PEBs to follow procedures and to allocate adequate DEC premises.

Recommendation # in final report: 24

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To improve the accuracy of result tabulation and to strengthen public trust in electoral processes, the Central Election Commission should consider elaborating procedures to correct errors in results protocols wherever they are detected, even if the overall result is not affected.

Recommendation # in final report: 25

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

Consideration could be given to reviewing the Electoral Code provisions on the conduct of a republican referendum to ensure clarity and procedural certainty in the establishment of referendum results and the adoption of a referendum decision.

Recommendation # in final report: 26

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure the secrecy of the vote, as previously recommended further efforts should be made to allocate adequate premises for polling stations which would allow for better positioning of voting booths. Any use of video cameras in polling stations should ensure that the secrecy of the vote is protected.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Election Day

As previously recommended, to ensure the participation of persons with disabilities, further efforts are needed from the authorities to facilitate independent access to and suitable layout in polling stations for voters with reduced mobility.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure efficient, accurate and transparent counting and tabulation processes, as previously recommended, further efforts are needed to increase the capacity of PEBs to follow procedures and to allocate adequate DEC premises.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Election Day

The voter data processing system at the PEB level could benefit from an off-line functionality test, which could ensure that already processed voters are entered into the central database immediately after the system is restored in case of malfunction.

Recommendation # in final report: 30

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Day

Further attention needs to be paid to the allocation of adequate premises for voting, including for voters with disabilities, and to the distribution of sufficient amounts of election materials, including ballot boxes. Training of election officials should emphasize the importance of an adequate layout of polling stations.

Recommendation # in final report: 31

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Day

Authorities should consider improving the quality of election material to guarantee the transparency and integrity of election day procedures.

Recommendation # in final report: 26

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Day

The CEC should reconsider the manner in which election results are determined to be in line with legal requirements.

Recommendation # in final report: 28

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure that voters are able to cast their votes free of pressure and undue influence, authorities could consider extending the prohibition of partisan and campaign activities not only within polling stations, but also in the vicinity of polling stations during voting hours.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election day

To enhance transparency of the results tabulation the CEC should publish detailed preliminary election results, which include all data from PEB protocols, on its website.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Day

Further efforts are needed to allocate adequate premises to ensure the secrecy of the vote. Authorities should consider further measures to make all polling stations fully and independently accessible by disabled voters.

Recommendation # in final report: 31

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Day

To ensure that voters are able to cast their votes free of pressure and undue influence, authorities could consider prohibiting partisan and campaign activities not only within polling stations but also in the vicinity of polling stations during voting hours.

Recommendation # in final report: 32

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Day

Consideration could be given to reasonable shortening of voting hours and streamlining counting procedures by introducing simpler ballot annulment procedure. The CEC training centre could consider enhancing its training with a particular focus on the vote count and completion of results protocols.

Recommendation # in final report: 33

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Day

Consideration could be given to instituting a single entry of common numbers in protocols into the SAISE to prevent possible discrepancies in results data, as well as presenting preliminary results in a more user-friendly format broken down by polling station.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Administration

Consideration could be given to better management of polling stations and reviewing voting booth design for local elections, to consistently ensure the secrecy of vote.

Recommendation # in final report: 30

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Day

The CEC could consider placing more emphasis on training for counting and tabulation procedures, particularly for local elections, given the complexities related to multiple races.

Recommendation # in final report: 31

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Day

The law should be revised to address the issue of organized transportation of voters in connection with vote-buying while duly safeguarding the freedom of movement.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Campaign

The authorities should ensure adequate protection of voters’ personal data throughout the whole electoral period and ensure that voters are able to cast their votes free of any undue influence.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Citizen and International Election Observation

To ensure secrecy of the vote further efforts should be made to allocate adequate premises for polling stations which meet the established minimum standards.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Day

To assure consistency and transparency in the result tabulation process, clear procedures for rectifying errors and discrepancies in voting result protocols, including criteria for recounts of votes, should be established.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Day

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Day

Authorities should consider putting in place guarantees to ensure that courts enjoy freedom from political pressures and remain fully impartial in the handling of election-related cases.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

To ensure effective resolution of election disputes, the CEC should consider complaints within the applicable procedural framework, in public sessions and by legal deadlines. To ensure the legality of the electoral process in the public interest, the CEC should avoid a formalistic approach and give substantive consideration to complaints, including notifications that raise concerns of a complaint nature.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

To provide access to effective legal remedy, legislative and judicial efforts should ensure a harmonized and clear legal framework on procedures, as well as substantive handling of electoral complaints and appeals.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

To provide an effective mechanism for challenging election results, the competences, procedures and timelines for post-election complaints and appeals should be clearly prescribed. Consideration could be given to empowering the CEC to establish the final election results, with a possibility of judicial review.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

In order to ensure the right to an effective remedy, the second round of elections should take place only after the final decisions on appeals against election results have been reached. The law could specify a longer delay between the two rounds.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Electoral System

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Post-Election Developments

To provide an effective mechanism for challenging election results, the legal framework should clearly specify the basis and procedure for contesting nationwide results and the evidence required to accompany such complaints. Voters should be ensured, in law and in practice, the opportunity to appeal results before a court, at a minimum where a reasonable quorum of voters files the appeal.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Dispute Resolution

In line with good practice, the legal framework should be reviewed to provide for partial and full invalidation of results and timely recounts at different levels.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Dispute Resolution

To ensure effective election dispute resolution, election and judicial authorities should refrain from an overly formalistic approach to complaint admissibility and ensure substantive consideration of complaints. Authorities should proactively address allegations of the misuse of administrative resources and office in the election.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Dispute Resolution

To ensure effective remedy, election commissions should consider and formally address all complaints in a timely manner. All complaints and appeals to the CEC, including those against action or inaction by election bodies, should be reviewed in compliance with the Election Code and considered as per the procedures established in CEC regulations.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

The Election Code should clearly set out the competences and procedures and provide the deadlines for decisions on post-election complaints, while ensuring that they do not delay the certification and the announcement of final results.

Recommendation # in final report: 28

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

The election dispute resolution should be evaluated and improved in order to provide complainants with effective and timely remedy. Decisions related to the registration of parties and contestants should be taken prior to the start of campaign period.

Recommendation # in final report: 29

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

The election-dispute resolution system would benefit from an overall review to eliminate gaps and inconsistencies in order to provide for effective legal redress. In particular, the law should grant every voter a right to file a complaint on every stage of the electoral process, set out the competences and detailed procedures for different types of complaints, provide the deadlines for decisions on post-election complaints, including in-between two rounds of election, if required.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

The CEC and the courts should give full and impartial consideration to the substance of complaints, respecting the right to effective remedy and deliver consistent decisions. All complaints should be addressed in a timely manner with reasoned decisions in writing and published.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

To ensure due process and to increase confidence in the complaints and appeals system, police and prosecutors should carry out investigations of electoral offences in a timely manner.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

Consideration should be given to establishing clear procedures and jurisdiction for the handling of election-related complaints and appeals in a timely manner, including complaints concerning out-of-country voting, and providing an effective mechanism to appeal election results. The CEC could employ measures to inform electoral stakeholders of jurisdiction and avenues for lodging election-related complaints.

Recommendation # in final report: 24

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

To increase confidence in the police and prosecutors should vigorously investigate and prosecute all electoral violations and publish updated statistical and other information on electoral cases on a regular basis and once they are concluded.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

All election bodies and courts should consider election related cases in open sessions and publish session or hearing dates in advance and reasoned decisions promptly.

Recommendation # in final report: 29

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

In order to ensure access to an effective remedy, the jurisdiction for each type of complaint, needs to be clarified. The CEC could consider providing better information to stakeholders about the jurisdiction and procedures for lodging complaints and appeals.

Recommendation # in final report: 30

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

To ensure effectiveness, consistency and transparency in dispute resolution, the CEC could consider enhancing its supervisory role over lower level bodies and provide clear guidance on complaint forms to simplify procedures. All decisions should be fully justifiable and indicate available remedies.

Recommendation # in final report: 28

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

The Election Code should clearly set out the timelines for filing recount requests.

Recommendation # in final report: 29

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Complaints and appeals

The relevant provisions of the Election and the Administrative Code should be harmonized to provide for clear avenues and appropriate deadlines for timely resolution of all election-related disputes by the election administration and courts.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

To ensure effective election dispute resolution, election and judicial authorities should refrain from overly formalistic approach to complaint admissibility and assure substantive consideration of complaints. Consideration should be given to provide all electoral stakeholders with the right to complain in the public interest.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Complaints and Appeals

The deadlines and procedures for post-election complaints should be clearly prescribed. Consideration could be given to enacting election results by a CEC decision, with a possibility of judicial review.

Recommendation # in final report: 24

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Day

The framework for the use of the SAISE could be further enhanced by the development of contingency plans in case of malfunction, including for the tabulation of results. Such plans should not only ensure the implementation of respective procedures, but also transparency of the process.

Recommendation # in final report: 33

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Secondary thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Election Day

The CEC could consider ways to further standardize election day procedures, including related to the use of the SAISE system, and to improve relevant training for polling staff.

Recommendation # in final report: 27

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Day

The new parliament is encouraged to enhance the electoral legal framework in line with OSCE commitments and other international standards, and to address remaining shortcomings, taking into account outstanding ODIHR and Venice Commission recommendations. Any reform efforts should be undertaken well in advance of the next elections and within an inclusive, consultative and transparent process.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

To protect the stability of the electoral system, consideration should be given to introducing legal safeguards against frequent changes to the key features of electoral legislation.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

In line with the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, an effective parliamentary control mechanism should be introduced over decisions of the Commission for Exceptional Situations when elections are held during a state of emergency.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

The authorities should take all necessary measures to ensure independence in the work of the Central Election Commission (CEC). This could include a review of the current composition of the CEC ahead of the next presidential and parliamentary elections to avoid the possibility of domination by a single political party.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Administration

The legal basis for any limitations based on misconduct should be revised to ensure a fully individualized approach and compliance with international standards pertaining to suffrage rights.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

As previously recommended, consideration should be given to comprehensively reviewing the legal framework to address all outstanding ODIHR recommendations and to eliminate gaps and inconsistencies, including those stemming from the introduction of the second round of elections. Any reform efforts should be timely and within an inclusive, consultative and transparent process.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

The legal framework regulating referendums should be reviewed to bring it in line with international good practice, including the provision of objective and balanced information on the referendum options. The legislation should allow for a wider group of stakeholders to participate in the referendum campaign, regulate the involvement of public servants in referendum campaigning, and provide for equal campaign opportunities for the supporters and opponents of the referendum.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Constitutional Referendum

As previously recommended, the electoral legal framework should be reviewed to comprehensively address all outstanding ODIHR recommendations, in line with OSCE commitments and other international standards. Reform efforts should be undertaken well in advance of the next elections in an inclusive and transparent manner.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

The legal framework could benefit from a comprehensive review to eliminate inconsistencies and ambiguities, as well as the contradictions between the Election Code and other laws. Legislative reforms should be undertaken well in advance of elections, through open and inclusive consultations with all election stakeholders. These should be addressed in a context of broader issues such as rule of law and public confidence in the judicial system.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

The legal framework should be amended with an aim to ensure the right to vote is fully protected in accordance with OSCE commitments and international obligations. Legal provisions that suspend legal capacity and grant guardianship should be reviewed. Limitations on the right to stand for office, including for military personnel, should be minimal.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: 0

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Legal Framework and Electoral System

The election law could benefit from a comprehensive review to eliminate gaps and ambiguities and address recommendations of the OSCE/ODIHR and Venice Commission, including on signature collection and verification, candidate registration, the financing and conduct of the electoral campaign, sanctions on election violations, campaign restrictions, further strengthening measures to advance women’s participation and the holding of a second round. Election-related provisions of other legislation, including the Criminal Code, could also be reviewed and updated. The review process should be inclusive and completed well ahead of the next elections.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Electoral System and Legal Framework

The authorities should consider a comprehensive review of the electoral legal framework to eliminate inconsistencies and ambiguities, and to address ODIHR and Council of Europe recommendations.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Electoral System and Legal Framework

To ensure the principle of equality of the vote the criteria for creation of the constituencies, including for voters in Transnistria and abroad should be re-considered.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Legal Framework

The legal framework would benefit from a comprehensive review to eliminate inconsistencies and ambiguities as well as contradictions between the Election Code and other laws. Certain legal issues should be detailed by CEC regulations issued well in advance of the elections.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Electoral System and Legal Framework

Legislative reforms should be undertaken well in advance of elections. The ban on the use of state and foreign symbols should be reconsidered as it is a disproportionate restriction of the freedom of expression.

Recommendation # in final report: 2

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Electoral System and Legal Framework

The law should be amended to prescribe an exhaustive list of possible electoral violations and respective sanctions, which should be proportionate and dissuasive.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Legal Framework

As previously recommended the authorities should consider a comprehensive review of the electoral legal framework to eliminate remaining gaps and inconsistencies and ambiguities, and to address ODIHR and Council of Europe recommendations.

Recommendation # in final report: 1

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Electoral System and Legal Framework

In order to monitor implementation of the provisions on balanced and impartial coverage set out by the Audiovisual Media Services Code, quantitative and qualitative monitoring should be conducted also between elections.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

To enforce existing provisions on impartial coverage during the campaign and to provide for a level campaign playing field, the Audiovisual Council’s monitoring reports should be issued in a timely manner and effective measures for violations should be applied immediately. The law should provide for remedies for disadvantaged contestants rather than focusing on sanctioning media outlets.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

Competition law, including credible and transparent conduct of audience share measurement, should be enforced to prevent individual actors from acquiring excessive market power to the detriment of media pluralism.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

Legislation should be reviewed to ensure that defamation laws are exclusively civil in nature, in line with international standards, and do not allow for awards of excessive damages.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

Campaign coverage requirements should be formulated in line with international standards, to uphold freedom of expression and provide sufficient guidance to journalists. The law should precisely define what constitutes fair, balanced and impartial coverage and what constitutes a violation of the requirement.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

Restrictions to freedom of speech should be appropriate and proportionate to achieve a legitimate aim, using the least restrictive means possible. A suspension or withdrawal of broadcasting rights should be imposed only if the broadcaster is held to be in serious and repeated breach of a legitimate restriction on content by the media regulator or the court.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

The law should be revised to ensure the independence of the management of both the Audiovisual Council and of Tele-Radio Moldova and the stability of its members' tenure.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

Prohibition on the dissemination of content should only be permissible in accordance with the test for restrictions on the right to freedom of expression under international law, namely that it is provided for by law, it serves legitimate aims, and is necessary and proportionate to protect those aims.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

Legal provisions on limiting excessive media concentration should be enforced to prevent individual subjects from acquiring excessive market control to the detriment of media pluralism.

Recommendation # in final report: 25

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

In order to ensure balanced and impartial coverage of the campaign in media, the Audiovisual Council should apply effective measures for violations immediately. The law should prescribe the opportunity to remedy impartial coverage as it happens rather than focus on sanctioning media outlets at a later stage.

Recommendation # in final report: 26

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

In order to implement requirements on balanced coverage in the news, current affairs and discussion programmes set by the Audiovisual Media Services Code, quantitative and qualitative monitoring should also be conducted between elections.

Recommendation # in final report: 27

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

The legislation should provide for clear safeguards for the genuine independence of the Audiovisual Council as well as the management and supervisory structures of the public broadcaster and should remove the possibility of political control.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

To increase transparency, the disclosure requirements for media ownership could be extended to online and print media outlets.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

Authorities should condemn attacks against journalists and the use of language by contestants that may encourage them, and swiftly investigate threats against journalists, including those made online.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

In order to uphold the principle of media freedom during an election period, the media regulatory framework should be reviewed to grant greater editorial independence in covering the election campaign, in combination with sanctions if impartiality rules are violated.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Media

To safeguard freedom of expression, any suspension or withdrawal of broadcasting rights should only be imposed by an independent oversight body or by a court following serious and repeated violations of legitimate content restrictions, and only after exhausting less-restrictive corrective measures. Decisions should be subject to effective judicial review procedures with suspensive effect.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Media

The existing system of blocking informational websites should be amended, ensuring that content-specific restrictions are imposed solely by judicial authority based on objective, transparent criteria clearly established in law. To guarantee transparency and accountability in the process, all such decisions should be publicly disclosed with clear justification, maintained in an accessible registry, and subject to effective appeal mechanisms.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Media

To uphold the principle of freedom of expression during elections, the media should not be held liable for disseminating statements or content made directly by candidates, unless they have been specifically found to be unlawful by an independent and impartial court or regulatory body, or constitute incitement to violence, and the outlet had a genuine opportunity to prevent their dissemination.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Media

The Audio-Visual Code could be amended to increase ownership transparency and to limit ownership concentration.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Media

The obligations placed on nationwide private broadcasters to provide free airtime and to organize debates could be revisited. Consideration could be given as to whether such obligations meet the intended aim and whether, in light of freedom of expression and editorial independence, a broadcaster should not decide on the format of its own election-related programmes.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Media

To enhance a genuine public service mandate, including capacity for investigative and analytical reporting, more comprehensive steps should be taken to strengthen the financial and editorial independence of public broadcasters. Such steps could include the reduction of dependency on the state budget and more independent decision-making processes.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Media

To promote genuinely diverse coverage, journalist associations, press councils, non-governmental organizations and media outlets could be encouraged to adopt self-regulatory measures for impartial news reporting and journalistic ethics and responsibilities.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Media

The CCA should exercise its duties in an adequate and effective manner in order to enforce appropriate implementation of the legislation. As previously recommended, the independence and the mandate of the CCA could be further strengthened to limit possibilities for political or other influence on its decision-making. Its membership should be diverse, including, in addition to nominees from political parties also media professionals, civil society or judicial bodies.

Recommendation # in final report: 24

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Media

The Audio-Visual Code should be amended to enable a more appropriate and effective sanction mechanism, based on principles of proportionality and gravity of the violation with an aim to take more adequate and effective action.

Recommendation # in final report: 25

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2019

Final report heading: Media

To enforce existing provisions on impartial coverage during the campaign and to provide for a level field of candidates, the CCA reports should be issued in a timely manner and effective sanctions following violations of the impartiality requirement should be applied immediately. The amount of fines could be increased to serve its sanctioning role.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Media

To promote political pluralism in broadcast media, the CCA could consider to oversee broadcasters` obligation to provide fair, impartial and balanced coverage beyond the official campaign period.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Media

The impartiality requirement should be formulated in line with international standards, including on the right to freedom of expression as well as the need for sufficient precision to enable an individual to regulate his or her conduct accordingly. The law should precisely define what constitutes fair, balanced and impartial coverage and what constitutes a violation of the requirement.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Media

Deadlines for the CCA to adjudicate election-related complaints could be reviewed to ensure media violations are effectively addressed and in a timely manner.

Recommendation # in final report: 21

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Media

To enhance genuine media pluralism and transparency further measures, including extending media ownership transparency requirements to online and print media, should be taken.

Recommendation # in final report: 26

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Media

To improve voter’s access to election related information, and to help them make an informed choice, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, the laws on Access to Information and Personal Data Protection could be harmonized to ensure appropriate access to information of public interest.

Recommendation # in final report: 27

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Media

To promote pluralism in broadcast media, the CCA could consider to include debates and other relevant programs in the sample of its media monitoring and to extend it beyond the official campaign period to enable publishing media monitoring report in a timely manner, strengthening its sanction mechanism if repetitive violations of the impartiality requirement are committed.

Recommendation # in final report: 28

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Media

The high concentration of media ownership should be comprehensively addressed to ensure media pluralism and diversity of views.

Recommendation # in final report: 5

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

To enhance the CCA’s credibility, independence and effectiveness, consideration could be given to modifying the appointment mechanism of its members to reduce the influence of the parliamentary majority, and to strengthening sanctions to discourage violations.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

A funding mechanism to reduce the dependence of TRM on the state budget could be considered. The criteria for choosing TRM management could be further based on the professional capacities of candidates to increase its independence from the influence of governing parties.

Recommendation # in final report: 23

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

The responsibilities of broadcasters for mayoral run-offs should be clarified in the legal framework.

Recommendation # in final report: 24

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

Editorial content and political advertising should be clearly separated. To preserve the integrity of the news, broadcasters should refrain from offering paid airtime to parties in their newscasts or information programmes.

Recommendation # in final report: 25

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

Consideration could be given to reviewing the obligation for private broadcasters to organize electoral debates, as it appears an undue interference in the editorial policy of the media.

Recommendation # in final report: 26

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

Bans on media, including foreign, are not compatible with international commitments and should be repealed. Restrictions on the right to freedom of expression should be provided by law, pursue a legitimate aim, and conform to the tests of necessity and proportionality.

Recommendation # in final report: 27

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

To respect the editorial freedom of the media, the obligation on private broadcasters with national coverage to organize debates could be revised.

Recommendation # in final report: 18

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

To ensure comprehensive oversight and prevent non-compliance, the AC could consider extending its monitoring capacity beyond the official campaign and publish monitoring reports in a timely manner.

Recommendation # in final report: 19

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Campaign

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

The Audio-visual Code should be revised to provide for gradual and proportionate sanctions specific to the offence committed and subject to judicial appeal.

Recommendation # in final report: 20

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Media

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Media

Political parties could consider ways to identify minority representatives, particularly women, through dialogue with local communities. Political parties could promote nominations from national minorities on winnable positions on candidate lists and encourage their participation in party structures.

Recommendation # in final report: 6

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Women

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Year of assessment: 2019

Final report heading: Participation of National Minorities

Authorities could consider, upon consultation with national minority groups, the introduction of special mechanisms that would encourage greater participation and representation of minorities in public and political life.

Recommendation # in final report: 26

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Year of assessment: 2019

Final report heading: Participation of National Minorities

Efforts should be made to promote better political representation of the Roma at all levels, including through voter education programmes specifically targeting the Roma community.

Recommendation # in final report: 27

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Year of assessment: 2019

Final report heading: Participation of National Minorities

Authorities could consider, upon consultation with national minority groups, the introduction of special mechanisms that would legally encourage greater participation and representation of minorities in public and political life.

Recommendation # in final report: 25

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Secondary thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Participation of National Minorities

To further promote universal suffrage and to ensure equal participation of persons with disabilities, further efforts are needed from the authorities to facilitate unimpeded access to polling stations for voters with reduced mobility.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Secondary thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Election Day

Authorities should consider further measures to make all polling stations fully accessible to disabled voters by providing independent access as well as magnifying glasses and tactile ballots.

Recommendation # in final report: 25

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Secondary thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Election Day

As previously recommended, the authorities should continue to undertake measures to make voting fully accessible to voters with disabilities.

Recommendation # in final report: 22

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Secondary thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Day

Consideration could be given to further advancing mechanisms and affirmative measures aiming at increased participation of women as candidates, including women from minority communities and underrepresented groups.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Participation of Women

Secondary thematic area: Candidate Registration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Candidate Registration

The possibility for deprivation of voting rights should be reconsidered to exclude discrimination on the basis of a mental disability, in line with international standards.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The authorities should continue efforts to improve the accuracy of voter lists, including the development of effective mechanisms for removal of entries of deceased people from the voter register.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

While methods to preserve the integrity of elections in line with international good practice should be maintained, they should be adjusted to guarantee the right to vote to all voters who change their residence close to election day, either at their old or at their new place of residence.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

In line with international obligations, all restrictions on electoral rights on the basis of intellectual or psycho-social disability should be removed.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

With a view to ensuring universal suffrage, increased efforts should be made to facilitate access to personal identity documents for all citizens and to the registration of all citizens de facto residing in the country, especially Roma citizens.

Recommendation # in final report: 16

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of National Minorities

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The authorities should continue efforts to improve the accuracy of the voter register, including mechanisms for automatic or timely removal of entries of deceased persons.

Recommendation # in final report: 17

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

To ensure equal suffrage in accordance with international standards, restrictions to the right to vote based on intellectual or psychosocial disability should be removed.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

A comprehensive audit of the State Voter Register should be undertaken to ensure its accuracy, including through inter-institutional co-operation. The authorities could continue to improve mechanisms for removing records of deceased people from the voter register.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not implemented

Year of assessment: 2025

Final report heading: Voter Registration

As previously recommended, restrictions to the right to vote based on intellectual or psychosocial disability should be removed to ensure equal suffrage in accordance with international standards.

Recommendation # in final report: 3

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The authorities should further explore efforts to improve the accuracy of the voter lists by developing better mechanisms for removing records of deceased people from the voter register. These could comprise legally mandated and timely reporting or automatic transmission of death records from relevant institutions to the State Register of Voters.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Not evaluated

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The SRV would benefit from a more comprehensive regulatory framework, which, among others, needs to include clear mechanisms of data exchange between the SRV and relevant state registries, particularly the Civil Registry and the Population Registry, and to provide for the possibility of public scrutiny of the system. The establishment of a national address register to support civil status and residency registration would contribute to increased accuracy of source data used for voter registration.

Recommendation # in final report: 4

Type of recommendation: Priority

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The reliability and the transparency of the SRV could be enhanced by the conduct of timely, full-scale testing before election day, post-election audits and introduction of provisions for observer access. Computer operators for the SRV should be trained well in advance of the next elections.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Voter Registration

Legal contradictions between the Election Code and the Law on Personal Data Protection with regard to public display of voters’ personal data in voter lists should be resolved. Until then, the CEC should ensure uniform implementation of procedures for public scrutiny of voter lists.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Voter Registration

In line with good practice, consideration should be given to limiting the possibility for voters to register on election day to avoid the possibility of multiple registrations.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Day

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2020

Final report heading: Voter Registration

Consideration should be given to developing a more efficient system to update information in relevant registers that forms the basis of voter lists, including the timely update of entries in the civil and resident registers.

Recommendation # in final report: 7

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Administration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Voter Registration

Consideration could be given to harmonizing the provisions governing voting by students in national elections, and to ensuring that clear information about student voting procedures is available well in advance of an election.

Recommendation # in final report: 8

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Voter Registration

Voter identification requirements within and outside of the country should be clarified well in advance of any election. They should aim at meeting the objectives of facilitating suffrage and allowing voter eligibility to be verified.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The possibility for deprivation of voting rights on the grounds of mental disability should be reconsidered.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Participation of Persons with Disabilities

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Voter Registration

In line with international good practice, consideration could be given to removing the possibility for voters to register on election day at the polling station to avoid the possibility of switching constituencies which may impact the outcome of election.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The authorities should continue efforts to improve the accuracy of the voter lists, through updating the civil register with current information from various authorities in order to remove persons residing or having died abroad.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Voter Registration

Voter identification requirements in and out-of-country should be harmonised to facilitate universal suffrage.

Recommendation # in final report: 15

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2021

Final report heading: Voter Registration

Authorities should review and address any existing legal contradictions between the Election Code and the Law on Personal Data Protection related to processing personal data for electoral purposes.

Recommendation # in final report: 9

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Election Administration

In line with international good practice and previous OSCE/ODIHR recommendations, conscripted military personnel should be granted the right to vote. In addition, the deprivation of voting rights should only be considered for mental incapacity or criminal conviction for a serious offence through an explicit court decision.

Recommendation # in final report: 10

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Voter Registration

To enhance transparency and trust in the integrity of the electoral process, the CEC and representatives of contestants could be given access to the SRV to allow for the possibility of comprehensive scrutiny.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Voter Registration

The establishment of an accurate, complete and regularly updated national register of addresses would increase the accuracy of residency registration data used to register voters.

Recommendation # in final report: 12

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Mostly

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Voter Registration

In line with international good practice, consideration could be given to amending the law to introduce a closing date to update the voter register, including for changes of voting location, ahead of election day, which should also apply in case of a second round.

Recommendation # in final report: 13

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Legal Framework

Type of change required: Legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Voter Registration

Authorities could clarify procedures on posting voter lists for review to allow proper public scrutiny, while maintaining sufficient personal data protection. In the absence of clear provisions in the law, the CEC should consider issuing timely instructions on procedures to be followed by PEBs.

Recommendation # in final report: 14

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Type of change required: Sub-legal

Status of implementation: Fully

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Voter Registration

To further enhance accuracy of voter registration, final voter lists reflecting all changes after the public scrutiny and potential decisions on appeals should be compiled and used on election day. Sufficient time should be allowed to update the voter lists between the two rounds of election.

Recommendation # in final report: 11

Type of recommendation: Other

Thematic area: Voter Registration

Secondary thematic area: Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)

Type of change required: Practice

Status of implementation: Partially

Year of assessment: 2024

Final report heading: Voter Registration

OSCE/ODIHR Electoral Recommendations Database

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