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Location: United States of America
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In order to ensure the right and opportunity to vote of all citizens, Congress should, without further delay, establish the formula for determining jurisdictions to be subject to Section Five of the Voting Rights Act, in line with the ruling in Shelby County v. Holder.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Citizens resident in the District of Columbia and US overseas territories should be provided with full representation rights in Congress.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Restrictions on voting rights for persons with criminal convictions should be reviewed to ensure that all limitations are proportionate and that rights be restored upon completion of sentences. Guidance should be clearly and systematically communicated to those affected by any limitations. Pre-trial detainees should be afforded with the means to vote.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
States should consider establishing independent bodies to draw district boundaries. Districting should respect the equality of the vote, not discriminate against any group, and be free from political influence. Districts should be determined well in advance of an election, following broad public consultations and allowing adequate time for potential judicial review.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Electoral System
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Federal legislation should be amended to require disclosure of the sources of funding of all non-profit organizations that engage in campaign activities.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
States should review their laws and practices to ensure that deprivation of the right to vote for persons with intellectual disabilities or those under guardianship is based on individualized assessment and not subject to blanket disenfranchisement. Data on guardianship and deprivation of voting rights should be collated on an ongoing basis to ensure oversight.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Effective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of journalists and media, including protection against threats, intimidation and violence.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The federal and state governments should provide sufficient and sustainable funding mechanisms to replace aging voting equipment and to improve cyber security.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Cyber Security
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Legislation should be amended to guarantee access to international observers invited by the US authorities for all stages of the electoral process, to ensure full compliance with OSCE commitments.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Observation
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In line with OSCE commitments, consideration should be given to ratifying CEDAW and CRPD as a means to further protect and promote the electoral rights of women and persons with disabilities.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To safeguard the impartiality of the election administration, officials should not be allowed to stand as candidates in contests that they are directly supervising.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The capacity of the Election Assistance Commission should be strengthened to ensure effective support to states and jurisdictions in the conduct of elections. In particular, the authorities should ensure that any future vacancies in the Commission’s membership are promptly filled.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Information Sharing and Analysis Centers and the Election Assistance Commission could broaden their training efforts to build cyber security capacity at state and sub-state level. Special efforts could be made to dispel cyber security misconceptions and train officials on how to mitigate cyber security risks through feasibility studies, procurement documents and contingency plans.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Cyber Security
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Agency and the Election Assistance Commission could be tasked with creating cyber security standards for election technologies across all jurisdictions. These standards should require accountable mechanisms for all administrative processes and election technologies, including voter registration, the casting of votes, and tabulation and transmission of results. The standards should also require that the cyber security of any certified technology is continuously kept up to date.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Cyber Security
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Authorities should develop clear procedures for the collection, aggregation and dissemination of information regarding the number of eligible and registered voters, updates made to the voter lists, and other relevant voter registration and participation figures at the national level before election day.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
States not already participating in inter-state projects should consider doing so, to improve the accuracy of state voter registers across the country.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Authorities should review existing measures to further reduce the number of unregistered voters, including removing undue obstacles and burdensome procedures faced by marginalized sections of the population. Clear and accessible civic education programmes aimed at inclusive voter registration should be in place.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
States should refrain from introducing voter identification requirements that have or could have a discriminatory impact on voters. Consideration should be given to establishing federal standards for voter identification for both in-person and postal voting, to avoid possible discrimination and to comply with the Voting Rights Act.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Identification
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The number of supporting signatures for nomination of independent or third-party candidates should not exceed one per cent of registered voters, in line with good practice. States should ensure that definitions of “recognized parties” are inclusive and do not present unfair obstacles to register.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Building upon the recent good practice of some political parties, consideration could be given to introducing special measures to promote women candidates. This could include sustained legal and other measures, with benchmarks and concrete timetables, to increase the representation of women in Congress.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Women
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Public officials, political parties, their candidates and supporters should refrain from making statements during the campaign that constitute incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Campaign
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The authorities should consider measures for further strengthening the level of oversight of online political advertising, including strengthened sanctions.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Campaign
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure effective oversight, federal legislation could be amended to reform the structure of the FEC. Such a reform could include appointing, in addition to an equal number of members from the two main parties, an odd number of independent members.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Stricter rules and checks governing co-ordination between candidates and external actors of spending for political purposes should be introduced, to ensure that spending by outside groups is genuinely independent.
Recommendation # in final report:
24
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To level the playing field, consideration could be given to introducing a system of public financing for congressional elections, as well as introducing reasonable expenditure limits.
Recommendation # in final report:
25
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To uphold the right to access to information, provisions allowing blocking, throttling or introducing paid prioritization of Internet content should be revised.
Recommendation # in final report:
26
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Consideration could be given to increase public funding for public broadcasters to support fair and balanced news programmes, including election-related reporting.
Recommendation # in final report:
27
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The Federal Communications Commission could develop a standardized online form for broadcasters to submit all necessary information on political advertising and organize them more clearly in a publicly accessible searchable database.
Recommendation # in final report:
28
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The possibility to initiate a recount should be provided by all states, subject to reasonable conditions. States could enact laws to provide for automatic recounts when the margin between candidates is very close, as well as discretionary recounts that can be requested by candidates when results are outside this margin. Reasonable financial costs and deadlines should be imposed for discretionary recounts, in order to make the opportunity to challenge results meaningful.
Recommendation # in final report:
29
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Complaints and Appeals
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Standardized regulations for processing and verifying postal ballots should be developed, ensuring sufficient time and transparency. Specialized training on postal voting administration should be provided to election officials.
Recommendation # in final report:
30
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Early Voting
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Federal authorities should create conditions to allow out-of-country voters to cast their ballots in secrecy, while providing sufficient time for requesting and returning ballots.
Recommendation # in final report:
31
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Early Voting
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To help address security and reliability concerns of aging equipment, the authorities should upgrade or replace existing NVT. Such equipment should support a voter-verified paper audit trail and a secondary results verification method. Procurement of NVT should follow best practices compiled by the EAC.
Recommendation # in final report:
32
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
All jurisdictions using NVT should require post-election audits as a secondary results verification method. In particular, consideration could be given to using Risk Limiting Audits.
Recommendation # in final report:
33
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The Election Assistance Commission’s mandate on certification of voting machines could be broadened to include the authority to decertify voting technologies based on new and emerging cyber threats. The Commission’s mandate on certification should be extended to online and offline voter registration systems, electronic poll books, and results transmission systems.
Recommendation # in final report:
34
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To ensure timely and effective safeguards against legal changes that may have discriminatory intent or impact against racial and linguistic minorities, Congress should adopt a new formula for determining jurisdictions required to undergo federal pre-clearance for changes to election laws, in line with the Voting Rights Act.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of National Minorities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
As previously recommended, in line with the principle of equality of the vote, U.S. authorities should reassess the Electoral College system for electing the president and vice president.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral System
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To meet international standards and safeguard the impartiality of the election administration, election officials’ appointments should aim to achieve political neutrality through a balanced political representation. Election administrators should not oversee elections in which they are competing.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To support election officials and contestants in countering disinformation and protecting election infrastructure, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), in cooperation with other federal agencies, could develop additional training and methodological materials and deliver training aimed at mitigating election management risks.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Technologies and Cyber Security
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In line with the principle of equal suffrage, citizens resident in the District of Columbia and U.S. territories should be provided with full representation rights in Congress. In addition, the right to vote in the presidential election should be extended to citizens resident in the U.S. territories.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
State authorities should enhance inter-state co-ordination efforts to improve the cross-matching of voter registration data in order to avoid potential inaccuracies in the voter lists, including outdated entries and multiple registrations of the same persons.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The number of supporting signatures for candidate nomination should be revised so as not to exceed one per cent of registered voters or of those who voted in previous elections, in line with international good practice.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Political parties and candidates should avoid using inflammatory and divisive rhetoric in the campaign, refrain from knowingly spreading false information and from calling into question election integrity without a clear basis or evidence.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Environment
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
As previously recommended, contribution limits and disclosure for all types of campaign committees should be regulated. Independent groups and non-profit organizations that engage in campaign activities or donate to campaign committees should be legally required to disclose their sources of funding within a timeframe that allows for transparency of campaign financing.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To promote more accountable and transparent campaign spending, federal campaign finance legislation and oversight should be updated to reflect the modern political funding landscape, including regulations on the use of new financial instruments such as cryptocurrencies, as well as other tools and digital assets that may be considered in-kind donations.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The legal framework for the protection of media freedom should be strengthened by decriminalizing defamation, establishing comprehensive safeguards against strategic lawsuits, and legislating further protections for journalists' sources and against surveillance without a warrant.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In line with OSCE commitments, federal and state legislation should clearly provide for unimpeded access to international and citizen non-partisan observers to observe all stages of the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Observation
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In line with OSCE commitments, consideration should be given to ratifying the Conventions on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities to further protect and promote their civil, political and electoral rights.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of National Minorities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
As previously recommended, to avoid uncertainties and provide for the consistent and stable application of electoral law, the basic electoral procedures should be regulated at the federal level, including the time limits for voter registration, early voting deadlines and procedures, timeline and rules for tabulation and certification of results, rights of observers and deadlines for the adjudication of pre- and post-election lawsuits.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The Federal and State governments should ensure sufficient funds to meet the administrative and operational needs of the election management bodies.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration could be given to developing clear tools, training and guidelines for specifying requirements for election technologies that are developed, purchased and managed by the state- and county-level election officials. It is also recommended to expand the scope of the Election Assistance Commission’s certification and guidelines to align with the definition of election infrastructure used by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, supported by the provision of appropriate resources.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies and Cybersecurity
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration could be given to ensuring that state and federal funding covers both investment and operational expenses throughout the election technology life cycle, including end-of-life management and major updates. To facilitate dealing with ageing equipment, federal agencies could also develop tools and guidelines specific to end-of-life election technology.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies and Cybersecurity
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to fully facilitate the absentee vote, the practice of ballot ‘curing’ could be considered in all states, with a view to decreasing the number of invalid absentee and provisional votes.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Alternative Voting Methods
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Restrictions on voting rights based on criminal convictions should be reviewed to ensure that all limitations are proportionate, all rights are automatically restored upon completion of sentences, and that limitations are not applied to persons in pre-trial detentions. All affected citizens should be provided with the possibility to vote and be informed about their voting rights and ways to exercise them.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In line with international standards, the restrictions on electoral rights based on intellectual or psychosocial disability should be removed.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
State authorities should uphold the federal legal requirement and refrain from modifying the voter register close to the election.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities should ensure that voters who require assistance are allowed to receive help from an individual of their choice, as provided under the Voting Rights Act. Unnecessary restrictions that impose criminal penalties on those assisting voters should be removed.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
As previously recommended, state authorities should make further efforts to ensure that voter identification documents, where required, are equally available to all voters.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities could consider further measures to incentivize the inclusion and visibility of women in party structures as candidates and leaders.
Recommendation # in final report:
24
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Women
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
As previously recommended, the legal framework that governs campaigning on social networks could be strengthened in order to protect a vibrant, safe and transparent digital public domain. Social media companies could strengthen and consistently enforce their internal policies and make reporting and content moderation policies and decisions in response to violations of these policies more timely and transparent while also addressing the influence of owners on content policy.
Recommendation # in final report:
25
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Environment
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The integrity of electoral campaign financing should be strengthened by implementing stricter regulations on contributions and expenditures from foreign nationals, particularly by banning foreign nationals from expenditures regarding advocacy campaigns and ballot measures on the state level.
Recommendation # in final report:
26
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration could be given to disclosing the origin of cryptocurrencies reported as in-kind donations.
Recommendation # in final report:
27
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The right to appeal the dismissal of complaints by the Federal Election Commission on the basis of prosecutorial discretion should be ensured by law.
Recommendation # in final report:
28
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to safeguard editorial independence and ensure comprehensive local news coverage, particularly during election periods, consideration should be given to establishing a sustainable long-term federal funding mechanism for public media through appropriate legislative measures that would protect funding allocations from short-term political considerations.
Recommendation # in final report:
29
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
An effective mechanism to prevent and promptly investigate all incidents of violence, threats and harassment targeting journalists should be established at the federal and state levels. Public officials and candidates should refrain from rhetoric that may incite hostility against media professionals.
Recommendation # in final report:
30
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2024
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to ensure that court orders and decisions are rendered well in advance of election day, and to limit legal uncertainty, consideration should be given to the adoption of legislative measures to establish reasonable and sufficient time limits for the proceedings and determination of lawsuits filed at state and federal courts.
Recommendation # in final report:
31
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
As previously recommended, to ensure equal suffrage, citizens residing in the District of Columbia, as well as U.S. territories, should be provided with full representation rights in Congress.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance transparency, jurisdictions should consider promptly publishing results by polling station. When reporting preliminary results, election officials should also include available information on how many provisional and absentee ballots have yet to be processed. State authorities should publish preliminary and final election results
Recommendation # in final report:
36
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Additional measures could be taken by the election administration to avoid queues, including through better planning and queue management, installation of additional voting equipment in polling stations, or increasing the number of the polling stations in densely populated areas.
Recommendation # in final report:
35
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2018
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Continued efforts should be made to make the voting process more accessible to persons with disabilities. Organizations of persons with disabilities should be consulted when new voting technologies are introduced, to ensure the necessary balance between security and accessibility of the electoral process for persons with disabilities.
Recommendation # in final report:
37
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Restrictions on electoral rights based on intellectual or psychosocial disability should be removed.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Election administration should be able to work in an atmosphere free from threat and coercion. Any cases of threats and personal attacks on election administrators should be promptly investigated by federal and state law enforcement agencies, and sanctioned in accordance with the law.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Federal authorities should continue creating conditions to allow out-of-country voters adequate time to submit their ballots, while ensuring the secrecy of the vote. In order to reduce mailing periods, all states should consider allowing for electronic requests for postal ballots and the possibility for voters to receive ballots electronically.
Recommendation # in final report:
31
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Early Voting
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance the transparency of the electoral process, all jurisdictions should consider timely publication of full precinct-level results protocols.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance transparency and voter confidence, printouts from BMDs should only reflect voter’s choices in a human-readable format. Jurisdictions should conduct voter education campaigns encouraging voters using BMDs to verify the contents of their printed ballot. Additionally, election officials should incorporate the periodic testing of BMDs before and during election day, as part of voting operations.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies and Cybersecurity
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The practice of ballot ‘curing’ could be considered in all states, with a view to decreasing the number of invalid absentee and provisional votes and in order to ensure that voters’ choice is respected.
Recommendation # in final report:
26
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Alternative Voting Methods
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to further increase cyber security capacity at state and lower levels, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and other relevant cyber security organizations should continue expanding their services and training efforts to encompass all election jurisdictions.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Cyber Security
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to enhance transparency and voter confidence, jurisdictions should consider the use of ballots in which all elements indicating voter’s choices are human readable.
Recommendation # in final report:
34
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The Election Assistance Commission’s mandate on certification of voting machines could be broadened to include the authority to decertify voting technologies based on emerging cyber security threats. The Commission’s mandate on certification should be extended to voter registration systems, electronic poll books, ballot-on-demand solutions and results transmission systems.
Recommendation # in final report:
35
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To help address security and reliability concerns of ageing equipment, the election jurisdictions should be mandated to review and periodically upgrade or replace existing outdated voting technology solutions. Such equipment should have a voter-verified paper audit trail to support methods to verify the machine-based vote counts.
Recommendation # in final report:
32
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In line with international standards, an effective and timely legal remedy should be available for all aspects of the electoral process, including redistricting.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Redistricting
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Citizens resident in the District of Columbia and U.S territories should be provided with full representation rights in Congress. In addition, the right to vote in presidential elections should be extended to citizens resident in the U.S. territories.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Electoral System
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Rights
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The commitment to provide access for international and citizen observers to all stages of the electoral process should be clearly enshrined in the law.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Observation
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
State authorities should consider establishing independent redistricting commissions to draw district boundaries in a manner that is independent from partisan considerations. Districts should be determined well in advance of an election, following broad public consultations and allowing adequate time for potential judicial review.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Electoral System
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The legal framework should be adapted to reflect changes in the social network environment in order to protect and foster a vibrant and transparent digital public domain. Social media companies should strengthen and consistently enforce their internal policies and make reporting and content moderation policies and decisions in response to violations of these policies more timely and transparent.
Recommendation # in final report:
27
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Environment
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In line with OSCE commitments, state authorities should ensure access to international and citizen non-partisan observers to all stages of the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Observation
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The Federal and State governments should ensure sufficient funds to meet the administrative needs of the election management bodies.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Jurisdictions using Ballot Marking Devices for voting should provide comprehensive voter information to ensure that voters check that their ballots were marked as intended. In addition, scanning technologies that read and allow voteryvoters to verify their printed choices could be considered to ensure that there is no discrepancy of scrutinizing the ballots.
Recommendation # in final report:
33
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To prevent unauthorized access to voting equipment due to security gaps, election officials in all jurisdictions should consider a detailed and formalized examination of their maintenance, storage, testing and set-up procedures to facilitate trust in the conduct of elections.
Recommendation # in final report:
36
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration should be given to increasing funding for public broadcasters to enhance freely available quality public services as well as to support impartial news programming, including election-related reporting.
Recommendation # in final report:
27
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The number of supporting signatures for candidate nomination should be revised so as not to exceed one per cent of registered voters to keep with international good practice, and state laws should ensure that ‘recognized party’ status requirements are inclusive and fair.
Recommendation # in final report:
24
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To enhance transparency, jurisdictions should consider promptly publishing results by polling station. When reporting preliminary results, election officials should also include available information on how many provisional and absentee ballots have yet to be processed. State authorities should publish preliminary and final election results.
Recommendation # in final report:
38
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Election administrators should further enhance the secrecy of absentee and postal ballots when received by election officials, as well as during curbside and drive through voting.
Recommendation # in final report:
29
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Early Voting
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure legal certainty and stability of the law, courts could consider consistently and uniformly upholding the Purcell principle when litigating cases on legislation in the run-up to elections. An exception should be provided for lawsuits seeking to remedy suffrage rights.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
State authorities should take further steps to facilitate access to voter registration and enhance existing measures to reduce the number of unregistered voters.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Social media companies should continue to strengthen and make their internal policies more transparent, in areas such content moderation or decisions on user appeals.
Recommendation # in final report:
28
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure timely and effective legal remedy and equal voting opportunities, state legislation should prescribe clear and objective criteria for the extension of voting hours.
Recommendation # in final report:
31
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Congress should consider a comprehensive reform of the legal framework for campaign finance to ensure a more level playing field for smaller parties and independent candidates. Consideration could be given to limiting campaign expenditures.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Congress should harmonize the regulatory framework on co-ordination of campaigns, contribution limits, and disclosure, for all types of campaign committees. Independent groups and non-profit organizations that engage in campaign activities or donate to campaign committees should be legally required to disclose their sources of funding within a timeframe that allows for transparency of campaign financing.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure timely and effective safeguards against legal changes that may have a discriminatory intent or impact against racial and linguistic minorities, Congress should consider passing legislation reestablishing the formula for determining jurisdictions required to undergo preclearance for changes to voting laws.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In line with international standards and good practices, redistricting should be conducted by independent bodies, in a non-partisan and transparent manner, ensuring competitiveness and an effective opportunity for voters, including minorities, to elect the representatives of their choice. The legal framework should provide for clear and objective criteria for redistricting and based on public consultation and appropriate public input in redistricting.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Redistricting
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
States should make every effort to ensure that voter identification requirements are equally accessible to all voters. Consideration should be given to harmonizing federal standards for voter identification for both in-person and postal voting, in order to comply with the Voting Rights Act and to avoid possible discrimination.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Identification
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Congress should consider establishing an enforcement mechanism aimed to protect and foster vibrant and healthy digital public domain. Social media companies should implement policies that promptly address specific harmful content such as intolerant rhetoric, incitement to violence and content that is intended to undermine the electoral integrity.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In line with OSCE commitments, consideration should be given to ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) as a means to further protect and promote the electoral rights of women and persons with disabilities.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Women
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Consideration should be given to ratifying the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) to further protect and promote the political participation of women and persons with disabilities, respectively.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities should consider introducing legally binding requirements for all online and social media to place clear disclaimers indicating the entity paying for campaign advertisements. The social media companies should also maintain publicly accessible and user-friendly databases of placed political ads and vetting of buyers’ origin.
Recommendation # in final report:
26
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
All jurisdictions using electronic ballot scanning and tabulation should mandate that tabulation audits must be conducted before an election is certified and that the findings of the audit are binding for the results of an election.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies and Cybersecurity
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to safeguard the independence of election administration, private donations should be avoided. Where such funding is permitted it should be strictly regulated, corresponding to rigorously defined needs, and fully disclosed in order to ensure transparency and accountability.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Public officials, political parties, their candidates and supporters should refrain from using inflammatory and discriminatory rhetoric.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Environment
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
The process for certifying voting equipment should be more responsive, to allow for component-level certification and the ability to react in a timely manner to emerging cybersecurity threats. The Elections Assistance Commission’s certification scope should be widened to embrace all critical parts of the voting system, including electronic poll books.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies and Cybersecurity
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Restrictions on voting rights for persons with criminal convictions should be reviewed to ensure that all limitations are proportionate and that rights be restored upon completion of sentences. Pre-trial detainees should be provided with the possibility to vote and informed about their voting rights and ways to exercise them.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Rights
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Consideration could be given to reviewing legal provisions on the formula for the composition of the Federal Election Commission (FEC) in order to promote effective and independent oversight and enforcement of campaign finance law. The right to appeal the dismissal of complaints on the basis of prosecutorial discretion should be ensured.
Recommendation # in final report:
28
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
States should consider reviewing their legislation regarding voting rights for persons with disabilities. The legal frameworks should be harmonised with international standards, by removing any restrictions on electoral rights on the basis of intellectual or psychosocial disability.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Rights
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To meet international standards and safeguard the impartiality of the election administration, election officials at the state and county level should not supervise elections in which they are contesting.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
State legislatures could consider strengthening legal mechanisms to support local journalism, including financial, technological, and educational incentives, with an aim to encourage a more diverse local media environment.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
All jurisdictions relying on technology for voting, counting of votes and tabulation of results should mandate some form of a post-election audit as a results verification method.
Recommendation # in final report:
37
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Technologies
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In line with good practice, the number of supporting signatures for candidate nomination could be revised so as not to exceed one per cent of registered voters. Additionally, federal legislation could clarify rules on nomination, such as appropriate advance deadlines, thereby establishing greater certainty for candidates.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities should develop clear procedures for the collection, aggregation and dissemination of information regarding the number of eligible and registered voters, updates made to the voter lists, and other relevant voter registration and participation figures at the national level before election day.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
State authorities should make further efforts to ensure that voter identification documents are equally available to all voters.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Parties and candidates should refrain from inflammatory and divisive rhetoric, including attempting to undermine trust in the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Environment
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
State and local governments should provide sufficient and timely funding to meet the administrative needs of the election management bodies at local level, based on a clear needs assessment.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The Hatch Act should be uniformly and consistently applied across all levels of government, including senior-level administration officials and political appointees.
Recommendation # in final report:
24
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Campaign
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to ensure that court orders and decisions are rendered well in advance of polling, so as to avoid legal uncertainty, consideration could be given to the adoption of legislative measures establishing reasonable and sufficient time limits for the proceedings and determination of election lawsuits filed at state and federal courts.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Complaints and Appeals
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Congress should consider passing legislation in order to ensure timely and effective safeguards preventing legal changes that may have discriminatory intent or impact against racial and linguistic minorities, such as through reactivating the preclearance regime of the Voting Rights Act.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Continued efforts should be made to improve accessibility of the voting process for persons with disabilities and to ensure that the necessary preconditions are in place for independent voting.
Recommendation # in final report:
30
Thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To improve the transparency of campaign finance, non-profit organizations that engage in campaign activities should be required to disclose all their sources of funding within a time frame that would permit genuine oversight. In addition, FEC rules regarding co-ordination should be reviewed to ensure that spending by third parties and independent spenders (super PACs) is genuinely independent and that the principle of non-coordination is genuinely enforceable
Recommendation # in final report:
25
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
State authorities should enhance inter-state co-ordination efforts and exchange experience to improve the cross-matching of voter registration data and to avoid possible inaccuracies in the voter lists.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To meet international standards and safeguard the impartiality of the election administration, election officials at state and local level should not oversee elections in which they are competing.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
In order to facilitate counting, tabulation and the announcement of results, the application of standard deadlines for receiving absentee votes should be agreed between the states.
Recommendation # in final report:
25
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Alternative Voting Methods
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To improve the accuracy of the voter registers all states should participate in inter-state voter information exchange.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
Restrictions on voting rights for persons with criminal convictions should be reviewed to ensure that all limitations are proportionate. Voting rights should be automatically restored upon the completion of terms of incarceration, and those affected should be informed about their rights and the ways to exercise them.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voting Rights, Voter Registration and Identification
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The basic electoral procedures should be codified at the Federal Level in order to provide consistent standards and stability of electoral law. Federal election law could be enacted to regulate several critical issues, including time limits for voter registration, early voting deadlines and procedures, rights of observers and deadlines for the adjudication of pre- and post-election lawsuits.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Legal Framework
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In keeping with the principle of equality of the vote, the United States authorities should review the Electoral College system for the election of the president and vice-president.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Electoral System
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration could be given to reviewing the formula for the composition of the Federal Election Commission in order to promote effective and independent oversight and enforcement of campaign finance law.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
States, together with relevant federal institutions, should set policies and requirements to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of Electronic Absentee Voting solutions.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Alternative Voting Methods
United States of America
2022
LEOM
Parliamentary
elections
To ensure legal certainty and effective and timely legal remedy, legislation should prescribe clear and objective criteria and timeframes for challenging and enjoining state election laws in a timely and consistent manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
29
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities should review existing measures to further reduce the number of unregistered voters, including addressing burdensome procedures and obstacles faced by disadvantaged groups.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Voter Registration
United States of America
2020
LEOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Last minute changes to deadlines and election procedures should be avoided in all cases in which they would have a detrimental impact on voters’ understanding of procedures or their ability to vote.
Recommendation # in final report:
30
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2024
Final report heading:
Early Voting
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In order to ensure the right and opportunity to vote for all citizens, particularly national minorities, Congress should give urgent consideration to establish the formula to identify jurisdictions to be subject to Section Five of the Voting Rights Act, in line with the ruling in Shelby County v. Holder.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of National Minorities
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Legal Framework and Electoral System
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To prevent unauthorized access to voting equipment due to security gaps, election officials should consider a detailed and formalized examination of their storage, maintenance, testing and set-up procedures. Standardized post-election audits of electronic voting machines should be undertaken by manually examining randomly selected paper ballots and comparing the results to machine results. Reports of such processes should be made public.
Recommendation # in final report:
29
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Where in-person early voting is used, states should ensure that the location and opening hours of polling stations provide, as far as possible, equal accessibility for all voters.
Recommendation # in final report:
27
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Alternative Voting Methods (non-NVT)
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration could be given to reviewing the formula for the composition of the FEC in order to promote effective oversight and enforcement of campaign finance law.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Campaign Financing
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
The public financing system for presidential elections could be reformed, revising expenditure limits to make it more relevant to prevailing practice.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2018
Final report heading:
Campaign Financing
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities should review existing measures to further reduce the number of unregistered voters, including addressing undue obstacles and burdensome procedures faced by marginalized sections of the population. Clear and accessible civic education programmes aimed at inclusive voter registration should be in place.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
States should refrain from introducing voter identification requirements that have or could have a discriminatory impact on voters. Consideration should be given to establishing federal standards for voter identification for both in-person and postal voting, to avoid possible discrimination and comply with the Voting Rights Act.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To help address security, functioning and reliability concerns of aging equipment, the authorities could allocate additional resources to upgrade or replace the existing electronic voting and counting systems.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
States not already participating in inter-state projects should consider doing so, to improve the accuracy of state voter registers across the country.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To enhance transparency, jurisdictions should consider promptly publishing results by polling station. When reporting preliminary results, the election officials should also include available information on how many provisional and absentee ballots are yet to be processed. The publication of preliminary and final election results should rest with state authorities.
Recommendation # in final report:
33
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Day
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
In line with good practice, the number of supporting signatures for candidate nomination should not exceed one per cent of registered voters. Additionally, federal legislation could clarify rules on nomination, such as appropriate advance deadlines, thereby promoting certainty for candidates.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Candidate/Party Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Jurisdictions should ensure the secrecy of postal ballots are always safeguarded when received by election officials by providing secrecy envelopes.
Recommendation # in final report:
26
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Alternative Voting Methods (non-NVT)
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Federal authorities should develop secure voting methods, including for out-of-country voters, with a view to ensuring the secrecy of the vote while allowing for the expedient return of ballots.
Recommendation # in final report:
28
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Alternative Voting Methods (non-NVT)
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To further enhance the participation of voters with disabilities, comprehensive training and procedures should be developed. Specialized equipment already available at each polling station should be prepared and available throughout election day.
Recommendation # in final report:
13
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Financial resources for public service broadcasters could be increased to provide space for impartial election reporting.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities should ensure that voter registers are maintained in full compliance with federal legislation. To ensure transparency of voter registration, the states could introduce oversight or audit procedures.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Election officials at the state and county level should be released from their duties if they are candidates in elections.
Recommendation # in final report:
11
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Election Administration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To promote transparency and verifiability of electronic voting and counting systems, authorities should consider adopting legislation for the mandatory use of a voter-verifiable paper audit trail in elections.
Recommendation # in final report:
30
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration should be given to enhance nationwide or inter-state mechanisms to provide comprehensive security of electronic voting and counting systems.
Recommendation # in final report:
31
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Fully
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
New Voting Technologies
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To avoid uncertainty during an election year, fundamental elements of electoral law should not be open to amendment less than one year before an election.
Recommendation # in final report:
25
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Complaints and Appeals
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Restrictions on voting rights for persons with criminal convictions should be reviewed to ensure that all limitations are proportionate. Rights should be restored when sentences have been completed, with the law clarified and communicated to those affected. Pre-trial detainees should be provided with the means to vote.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Voter Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
States should review their legislation regarding voting rights for persons with disabilities. Blanket restrictions on the suffrage rights of persons with mental disabilities should be removed or be decided by courts on a case-by-case basis, depending on specific circumstances.
Recommendation # in final report:
14
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of Persons with Disabilities
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To meet requirements regarding the equality of the vote, states should consider the establishment of independent redistricting commissions to draw district boundaries free from political interference. Such commissions should undertake broad public consultation and make recommendations on new boundaries well in advance of an election, allowing adequate time for any recourse to judicial review.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Legal Framework and Electoral System
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Citizens resident in the District of Columbia and the US overseas territories should be provided with full representation rights in Congress. In addition, the right to vote in presidential elections should be extended to citizens resident in the US overseas territories.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Electoral System
Secondary thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Freedom of the media to operate without any intimidation or pressure should be upheld.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To provide viewers with an opportunity to see each of the candidates with a potential to win the presidency, consideration could be given to adjusting criteria for participation in the first presidential debate.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Media
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
To improve transparency of campaign finance, disclosure of the sources of funding of non-profit organizations that engage in campaign activities should be required. In addition, FEC rules regarding co-ordination should be reviewed and clarified to ensure that spending by outside groups is genuinely independent.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Campaign Financing
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
States should introduce deadlines and effective measures in order for recounts to provide a timely remedy.
Recommendation # in final report:
24
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Complaints and Appeals
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Consideration should be given to the adoption of laws and regulations that set clear criteria for the determination of voter intent when ballots are counted or re-counted.
Recommendation # in final report:
32
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Legislation should guarantee access in all states to international observers invited by the US authorities, to ensure full compliance with Paragraphs 8 of the 1990 OSCE Copenhagen Document and paragraph 25 of the 1999 OSCE Istanbul Document.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Citizen and International Observation
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Election Observation
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Legislation should be in place to guarantee the secrecy of the vote for in-person voting, including provisional and absentee voting.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Election Day
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
Authorities should consider adopting formal procedures to ensure effective and continuous cyber-security measures to protect online voter registration systems.
Recommendation # in final report:
15
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
Secondary thematic area:
Voter Registration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Mostly
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Voter Rights and Registration
United States of America
2016
EOM
Presidential
and Parliamentary
A thorough review of the obstacles faced in identifying, hiring and training poll workers should be conducted. States should ensure that resources for conducting elections, including hiring staff and establishing polling stations, are evenly allocated in all jurisdictions.
Recommendation # in final report:
12
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Day
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Partially
Year of assessment:
2020
Final report heading:
Election Administration