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Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
State authorities should ensure a more co-ordinated oversight of the online campaign, including through a clear delineation of institutional responsibilities and development of guidelines on permitted and prohibited activities for contestants and the public. To support these efforts, authorities should consider establishing a permanent co-ordinating body to monitor online campaigning and counter disinformation.
Recommendation # in final report:
16
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure legal certainty and protect the right to participate in public affairs, the law should clearly distinguish the activities of political actors from the individual expression of political opinion. Should the Central Election Bureau continue to adjudicate complaints related to online campaigning, its capacity should be reinforced, and related procedural safeguards improved.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance transparency and accountability of campaign spending, the legal and regulatory framework should be reviewed to ensure that it covers a broader period, such as the time following the official announcement of the election date or the start of signature collection, or when contestants submit their registration documents, as well as the interval between election rounds.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to lowering the ceilings on both campaign contributions and expenditures to prevent excessive spending and ensure a level playing field among contestants.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To strengthen campaign finance oversight, the law should explicitly define the Permanent Electoral Authority’s audit powers, and the institution should receive adequate staffing and resources to fulfil its mandate in these regards. Authorities could also consider introducing digital tools, such as an electronic reporting platform and automated verification software.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To strengthen transparency and accountability of campaign finance, consideration could be given to requiring contestants to submit detailed itemized financial disclosure reports with supporting documentation throughout the campaign period. Legislation should explicitly mandate regular and public release of these reports. Sanctions imposed on contestants and individuals should be made public.
Recommendation # in final report:
21
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The National Audiovisual Council should be legally required to conduct systematic and quantitative monitoring of the campaign coverage in broadcast media, and be provided with the necessary human and material resources to do so effectively. Sanctions for broadcaster non-compliance with airtime obligations should be dissuasive, proportionate to the gravity of the offence, and imposed in a timely manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
22
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To safeguard editorial integrity, the law should limit the amount of political advertising time that any party or candidate may purchase, require that such content is clearly marked, and establish safeguards to prevent conflicts of interest related to journalists’ participation in paid political advertising.
Recommendation # in final report:
23
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Consideration could be given to enhancing voter education campaigns to address the specific needs of ethnic and linguistic minority communities. In line with international good practice, election-related information and materials should be made available in the minority languages in localities where such languages are used in official communication with local authorities.
Recommendation # in final report:
24
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Participation of National Minorities
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
National Minorities
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To increase transparency, the adjudication of election disputes before electoral authorities and courts should be open to the public and observers, and the published decisions should include sufficient reasoning and a summary of deliberations. The Permanent Electoral Authority should establish and maintain a centralized database of complaints and appeals submitted at all levels of the election administration.
Recommendation # in final report:
25
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
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