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Location: Romania
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Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure legal certainty and protect the right to participate in public affairs, the law should clearly distinguish the activities of political actors from the individual expression of political opinion. Should the Central Election Bureau continue to adjudicate complaints related to online campaigning, its capacity should be reinforced, and related procedural safeguards improved.
Recommendation # in final report:
17
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to enhance the accountability of political parties and the overall transparency of the election process, consideration could be given to require periodic reporting on campaign expenditure during the campaign and before election day.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance financial independence of the public broadcaster and limit dependence on the state budget as the primary source of funding, a more sustainable and efficient funding mechanism could be considered.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance transparency and accountability of campaign spending, the legal and regulatory framework should be reviewed to ensure that it covers a broader period, such as the time following the official announcement of the election date or the start of signature collection, or when contestants submit their registration documents, as well as the interval between election rounds.
Recommendation # in final report:
18
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
In order to foster independence of the public broadcaster, a funding mechanism through license fees could be considered as it is less susceptible to direct or indirect government interference over the public service broadcaster compared to relying on the state budget as the primary source of funding.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
To enhance the autonomy and independence of the regulatory body, the provisions that allow the parliament to dismiss the National Audio-visual Council (CNA) president by rejecting the CNA annual report should be amended and clearer professional criteria for selection of the CNA members could be considered.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Consideration should be given to lowering the ceilings on both campaign contributions and expenditures to prevent excessive spending and ensure a level playing field among contestants.
Recommendation # in final report:
19
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
Romania
2019
EAM
Presidential
The CNA media monitoring oversight mandate could expand to include a quantitative component, as the reporting requirements for broadcasters imposed an excessive burden on the media and in practice appeared ineffective.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2020
SEAM
Parliamentary
elections
The National Audio-visual Council could consider enhancing its media monitoring methodology and allocate additional resources to include a quantitative media monitoring
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Media
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not implemented
Year of assessment:
2025
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To strengthen campaign finance oversight, the law should explicitly define the Permanent Electoral Authority’s audit powers, and the institution should receive adequate staffing and resources to fulfil its mandate in these regards. Authorities could also consider introducing digital tools, such as an electronic reporting platform and automated verification software.
Recommendation # in final report:
20
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Campaign Finance
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