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Location: Romania
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Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Relevant authorities should undertake additional measures to promote women’s political participation. Political parties should identify and address barriers to women’s active engagement, including through the adoption of internal measures aimed at improving women’s effective representation within party structures.
Recommendation # in final report:
1
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Participation of Women
Secondary thematic area:
Participation of Women
Type of change required:
Sub-legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Background and Political Context
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance legal clarity and address existing gaps and inconsistencies in the legislation, consideration could be given to adopting a unified electoral code applicable to all types of elections, developed through an inclusive process in consultation with all relevant stakeholders. The legislation should clearly distinguish electoral procedures from general administrative processes and introduce election-specific provisions, including transparency safeguards, and expedited timelines.
Recommendation # in final report:
2
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Legal Framework
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To ensure legal certainty and coherence, any amendments to election-related legislation introduced through Government Emergency Ordinances (GEOs) or resulting from Constitutional Court rulings should subsequently be formalized through the regular legislative process in parliament, following public consultation, in line with OSCE commitments. The use of GEOs should be limited to exceptional circumstances where timely parliamentary procedure is not feasible.
Recommendation # in final report:
3
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Legal Framework
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral System and Legal Framework
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance transparency and confidence in the electoral process, sessions of the election administration bodies should be open to observers and the media. All relevant documents related to the electoral process, including minutes of sessions, should be published in a timely and consistent manner.
Recommendation # in final report:
4
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance legal certainty and protect the right to stand for election, consideration should be given to ensuring that candidate eligibility is assessed on the basis of clear and objective criteria established by law, rather than on requirements set by Constitutional Court rulings.
Recommendation # in final report:
5
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Candidate Registration
Secondary thematic area:
Election Administration
Type of change required:
Practice
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Candidate Registration
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
Relevant institutions should review applicable national and European regulations to ensure that social networking platforms implement effective measures to prevent co-ordinated inauthentic behaviour and disinformation, while fully safeguarding space for authentic political discourse online. Considerations should also be given to align reporting requirements with transparency needs during elections.
Recommendation # in final report:
6
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To promote consistent application of campaign rules, the legislation should define the scope of permissible campaign activities by political parties, including those supporting candidates they have not nominated. Overly restrictive or ambiguous provisions on campaigning and campaign tools should be reconsidered to ensure meaningful political participation.
Recommendation # in final report:
7
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Campaign
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Electoral Campaign
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
The law should ensure full transparency of political parties’ media expenditures enabling the public to identify the final beneficiary. Where political parties use intermediary companies to disburse funds, contracts between these companies and media outlets must be subject to transparency requirements.
Recommendation # in final report:
8
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Media
Secondary thematic area:
Campaign Finance
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Media
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To guarantee effective remedy and due process, the electoral dispute resolution framework, in particular for complaints related to online content, should be reviewed to allow adequate time for the preparation and adjudication of complaints while ensuring a duly expedited procedure, in line with international good practice.
Recommendation # in final report:
9
Type of recommendation:
Priority
Thematic area:
Election Dispute Resolution (EDR)
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Dispute Resolution
Romania
2025
LEOM
Presidential
To enhance the efficiency and transparency of the election administration, consideration could be given to streamlining the parallel structures of the Permanent Electoral Authority (PEA) and election bureaus. This may include exploring the establishment of a unified, permanent and professional electoral management body, responsible for overseeing all aspects of the electoral process.
Recommendation # in final report:
10
Type of recommendation:
Other
Thematic area:
Election Administration
Secondary thematic area:
Legal Framework
Type of change required:
Legal
Status of implementation:
Not evaluated
Final report heading:
Election Administration
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